What is the G77? Understanding the Group of 77 and China

Introduction

In the complex world of international diplomacy, few coalitions carry as much weight as the G77. Officially known as the Group of 77 and China, this massive intergovernmental organization represents the voice of the Global South within the United Nations.

But what exactly does it do? Whether you are a student of international relations or a business leader looking at emerging markets, understanding the G77 is crucial. It’s not just a political club; it’s a powerhouse for collective bargaining on everything from climate change to global trade.

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What is the Group of 77 ?

Founded on June 15, 1964, the G77 was established by seventy-seven developing nations at the end of the first session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

While the name suggests a small group, the coalition has expanded significantly. Today, it is the largest intergovernmental organization of developing countries in the UN.

Key Statistics at a Glance

Feature	Details
Founded	1964
Current Members	134 Member States
Primary Goal	Promoting collective economic interests
Headquarters	United Nations, New York

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Why the G77 Matters: Goals and Objectives

The G77 serves as a platform for developing nations to articulate and promote their collective economic interests. Its primary objectives include:

• Enhancing Joint Negotiating Capacity: By speaking with one voice, smaller nations gain leverage against larger, industrialized economies.
• Promoting South-South Cooperation: Encouraging trade, technology sharing, and investment between developing countries.
• Reforming Global Governance: Advocating for a more equitable international economic order.

Internal Link Suggestion: Learn more about the [Impact of South-South Cooperation] on modern emerging markets.

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The Role of “G77 and China”

You will often see the group referred to as the G77 and China. While China is not a formal member of the G77, it consistently maintains a collaborative relationship with the group.

China provides significant financial and political backing, which helps bridge the gap between the world’s second-largest economy and the developing world. This partnership is vital for passing resolutions in the UN General Assembly.

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How the G77 is Structured

The G77 does not have a permanent “president.” Instead, the leadership (the Chairmanship) rotates annually among three regions:

1. Africa
2. Asia-Pacific
3. Latin America and the Caribbean

This ensures that the specific needs of different geographic regions are addressed fairly over time.

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G77 vs. G7 and G20: What’s the Difference?

It is easy to get confused by the “alphabet soup” of international groups. Here is a quick breakdown:

• G7 (Group of Seven): The world’s most advanced industrialized economies (e.g., USA, Japan, Germany).
• G20: A mix of the world’s largest economies, including both developed and developing nations.
• G77: Exclusively focused on the interests of developing countries and the Global South.

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Challenges Facing the Group of 77 in 2026

As we move further into the decade, the G77 faces evolving challenges:

• The Digital Divide: Ensuring developing nations aren’t left behind in the AI revolution.
• Climate Finance: Negotiating for “Loss and Damage” funds from wealthier nations.
• Debt Sustainability: Managing the rising cost of international debt in a fluctuating global market.

External Authority Link Suggestion: Check the official G77 Website for the latest summit declarations.

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FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions about the Group of 77

How many countries are in the Group of 77?

Despite the name, there are currently 134 member states. The group kept the original name because of its historical significance.

Who is the current chair of the Group of 77?

The chairmanship rotates every year. (Note: As of early 2026, check the UN’s official roster for the specific nation holding the seat for this term).

Is the Group of 77 part of the United Nations?

The G77 is an independent intergovernmental organization, but it operates primarily within the framework of the United Nations to coordinate its members’ positions.